Chemistry: Acids, Bases(Alkaline) and Salts

Chemistry: Acids, Bases and Salts

 

Acids:

  • An acid is a chemical substance that has a sour taste.
  • Many food items such as lemons, curd, vinegar and orange taste sour because of the presence of acid in them.
  • Acidic Substances are the substances that contain acid in them.
  • Natural Acids are the acids that occur in nature, for example, acids found in fruits are natural acids.

 

Bases:

  • A base is a chemical substance that has a bitter taste and a soapy texture.
  • Bases are found in different substances such as bleach, ammonia, washing powder and soap.
  • Bases are also called Alkaline.

 

Neutral substances:

Neutral Substance is any substance which is neither acidic nor basic in nature.

 

Indicators

  • We cannot taste every object and find its nature. Therefore, we use indicators.
  • An indicator is a substance that can determine if another substance is acidic or basic in nature.
  • The indicators indicate the presence of an acid or base in a substance by changing their colour.
  • For Example, Turmeric, China rose petals and Litmus are some natural indicators.

Natural indicators: the indicators that occur in nature.

 

Litmus

  • Litmus is a natural indicator which is obtained from Lichens.
  • Litmus is available in a solution form and paper strips (red litmus and blue litmus paper).

 

Acid Rain

  • When the rainwater has increased amounts of acids in it, it is called Acid Rain.
  • The acid rain is formed because of the presence of air pollutants such as Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon dioxide and Sulphur dioxide in the air.
  • These pollutants mix with the rainwater and form acids such as Nitric acid, Sulphuric acid and Carbonic acid respectively.
  • The acid rain in severely affect the vegetation, animal life and even buildings of the region where it falls

 

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