Geography: National Highways in India, Water ways in India and Air ways in India

National Highways in India

India has the second largest road network in the world

Road transport network in India is classified into five broad categories

  • Expressway;
  • National Highways (NHs)
  • State Highways (SHs)
  • Other & rural roads

National Highways have a length of approx. India has 142,126 km (88,313 mi) of NH as of April 2019, state highways are 1.60 Lakh kms and rest are ‘other’ roads. With only 2% of road length in India,

Interesting Facts National Highways in India

The longest National Highway in India:

NH 44 (previously National Highway 7) is longest running major National Highway that starts from Srinagar and terminates in Kanyakumari. Starting from J&K, it passes through the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and ends in the Tamil Nadu.

The shortest National Highway in India

NH 966B (previously NH 47A) is the shortest National Highway in India covering a distance of 8 km (5.0 mi) and runs between Kundannoor and Willingdon Island in Kochi, Kerala.

World’s Second Highest Motorable Highway

The Leh-Manali Highway, connecting Shimla to Leh in Ladakh is world’s second highest-altitude motor highway.

 

Golden Quadrilateral (GQ)

GQ is a national highway network that connects the four major metro cities of India, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south).

Traffic Colours Used on National Highways

  • National highways – Yellow and White
  • State highways – Green and White
  • City highway – Black and White

 

Highway

Route

NH 1

Delhi-Ambala-Jalandhar-Amritsar-Indo-Pak Border

NH 1A

Jalandhar-Madhopur-Jammu-Banihal-Srinagar-Baramula-Uri

NH 1B

Batote-Doda-Kishtwar-Sinthan pass – Khanabal

NH 1C

Domel to Katra

NH 1D

Srinagar-Kargil-Leh

NH 2

Delhi-Mathura-Agra-Kanpur-Allahabad-Varanasi-Mohania-Barhi Palsit-Baidyabati-Bara-Calcutta

NH 2A

Sikandra to Bhognipur

NH 2B

Burdwan – Bolpur road (via Talit, Guskara, and Bhedia)

NH 3

Agra-Gwalior-Shivpuri-Indore-Dhule-Nasik-Thane-Mumbai

NH 4

Junction with National Highways No. 3 near Thane-Pune Belgaum-Hubli-Bangalore-Ranipet-Chennai

NH 4A

Belgaum-Anmod-Ponda-Panaji

NH 4B

Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust near Km 109-Palaspe

NH 5

Junction with National Highways No. 6 near Baharagora-Cuttack Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam -Vijayawada-Chennai

NH 5A

Junction with National Highway No. 5 near Haridaspur-Paradip Port

NH 6

Hajira-Dhule-Nagpur-Raipur-Sambalpur-Baharagora-Calcutta

NH 7

Varanasi-Mangawan-Rewa-Jabalpur-Lakhnadon-Nagpur-Hyderabad-Kurnool-Bangalore-Krishnagiri-Salem-Dindigul-Madurai-Cape-Kanyakumari

NH 7A

Palayamkottai-Tuticorin Port

NH 8

Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer-Udaipur-Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Mumbai

NH 8A

Ahmedabad-Limbdi-Morvi-Kandla-Mandvi-Vikhari-Kothra-Naliya Narayan Sarovar

NH 8B

Bamanbore-Rajkot-Porbandar

NH 8C

Chiloda to Sarkhej

NH 8D

Chiloda-Gandhinagar-Sarkhej

NH 8E

Somnath to Bhavnagar

NH 9

Pune-Sholapur-Hyderabad-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam

NH 10

Delhi-Fazilka-Indo Pak Border

NH 11

Agra-Jaipur-Bikaner

NH 11A

Manoharpur-Dausa-Lalsot-Kothum

NH 12

Jabalpur-Bhopal-Khilchipur-Aklera-Jhalawar-Kota-Bundi-Deoli Tonk-Jaipur

NH 18

Junction with NH 7 near Kurnool and Nandyal to Cuddapah and Junction with NH 4 near Chittoor

NH 19

Ghazipur-Balia-Patna

NH 20

Pathankot -Mandi

NH 21

Junction with National Highway No. 22 near Chandigarh-Ropar-Bilaspur-Mandi-Kullu-Manali

NH 22

Ambala to Indo China Border near Shipkila

NH 23

Chas-Ranchi-Rourkela-Talcher- Junction with National Highway No. 42

NH 24

Delhi- Bareilly-Lucknow

NH 27

Allahabad to Mangawan

NH 29

Gorakhpur to Varanasi

NH 30

Junction with NH 2 near Mohania and Patna to Bakhtiyarpur

NH 35

Barasat to Petrapole on India and Bangladesh border

NH 39

Numaligarh to Palel and Indo Burma Border

NH 47

Salem to Kanyakumari

NH 47A

Junction with NH 47 at Kundanoor to Willington Island in Kochi

NH 47C

Junction with NH 47 at Kalamassery to Vallarpadam ICTT in Kochi

NH 55

Siliguri to Darjeeling

NH 56

Lucknow to Varanasi

NH 58

Delhi to Mana Pass

NH 79

Ajmer-Nasirabad-MP border

NH 151

Karimganj – Bangladesh Border

NH 152

Patacharkuchi-Bhutan border

NH 153

Ledo – Lekhapani – Indo / Myanmar – Border

NH 233

The highway starting from India/Nepal border (connecting to Lumbini) via Naugarh, Siddharthnagar, Bansi, Basti, Tanda, Azamgarh and terminating at Varans

 

 

Water ways in India

NW No.

River System

Route

Locations

NW – 1

Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly

Prayagraj – Haldia

Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal

NW – 2

Brahmaputra

Sadiya-Dhubri

Assam

NW – 3

West Coast Canal, Champakara Canal, and Udyog Mandal Canal

Kottapuram – Kollam

Kerala

NW – 4

Krishna and Godavari

Kakinada–Puducherry stretch of canals, Kaluvelly Tank, Bhadrachalam –Rajahmundry, Waziraba–Vijayawada

Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry

NW – 10

Amba River

 

Maharashtra

NW – 83

Rajpuri Creek

 

Maharashtra

NW – 85

Revadanda Creek – Kundalika River System

 

Maharashtra

NW – 91

Shastri river–Jaigad creek system

 

Maharashtra

NW – 68

Mandovi – Usgaon Bridge to the Arabian Sea

 

Goa

NW – 111

Zuari– Sanvordem Bridge to Marmugao Port

 

Goa

NW – 73

Narmada River

 

Gujarat and Maharashtra

NW – 100

Tapi River

 

Gujarat and Maharashtra

NW – 97 (Sundarbans Waterways)

Namkhana to AtharaBankiKhal

Indo-Bangladesh Protocol Route

West Bengal

 

 

Air ways in India

  • JRD Tata was the first person to take a solo flight form Mumbai to Karachi in 1931.
  • In 1935, the ‘Tata Air Lines’ started its operation between Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram and in 1937 between Mumbai and Delhi.
  • In 1953, all the private airline companies were nationalized and Indian Airlines and Air India came into existence.
  • Vayudoot Limited started in 1981 as a private air carrier and later on it merged with Indian Airlines.
  • International Airports Authority of India and National Airports Authority were merged on 1995 to form Airports Authority of India.
  • The Authority manages the Civil Aviation Training College at Allahabad and National Institute of Aviation Management and Research at Delhi.

 

12 - International Airports in India

  • Rajiv Gandhi International Airport – Hyderabad
  • Calicut International Airport – Calicut
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport - Mumbai
  • Kempe Gowda International Airport – Bengaluru
  • Goa Airport in Vasco di Gama city - Goa
  • Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport – Kolkata
  • Thiruvananthapuram International Airport – Thiruvananthapuram
  • Lok Priya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport – Guwahati
  • Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel International Airport – Ahmedabad
  • Indira Gandhi International Airport – Delhi
  • Chennai International Airport – Chennai
  • Shri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport – Amritsar
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