Chemistry: Mixtures, Solutions & Chemical Processes

Chemistry Mixtures, Solutions & Chemical Processes

 

All matter can be broken down into two categories viz. pure substances and mixtures.

Pure substance:

1. A pure substance is any matter that always has the same composition.
2. There are 2 classifications of pure substances: elements and compounds.
   • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. An element is made up of only one type of atom.
   • A compound is a substance that is made up of two or simpler substances.

 

Mixture compounds:

1. A mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances “non-chemically”.
2. This means we can separate a mixture without undergoing a chemical reaction or chemical change.
3. All mixtures can be classified into 2 groups: homogeneous and heterogeneous.
   • Homogeneous Mixture →(Solvent + Solute) not distinguished. for ex. solution & colloids
   • Heterogeneous Mixture →(Solvent + Solute) readily distinguished. for ex. suspension mixture

 

Separation Methods of Mixtures

 

For two Solids 

• Suitable solvent
• Sublimation
• Magnet Use

For two Liquids 

• Fractional Distillation (For miscible liquids)
• Separating Funnel (For immiscible liquids)

 

For Solids & Liquids:

• Filtration
• Centrifugation
• Evaporation
• Crystallization (Slow Cooling)
• Distillation
• Chromatography (For different solubility solutes, esp. used in forensic science)